Role of the urban plant environment in the sustainable protection of an ancient city wall

Cultural heritage sites are exposed to urban environmental phenomena and various forms of deterioration that degrade their historical cultural value. As an important element, plant landscaping can be a potential regulator the microenvironment, mitigating adverse effect local climate heritage. The influence evergreen trees on weathering Nanjing City Wall was studied evaluated through field measurements numerical modeling. A two-dimensional hygrothermal ‘City Wall–plant’ model developed simulate shaded unshaded surfaces. results showed compared case, surface smaller temperature fluctuations with increase in minimum by 0.5°C – 0.8 °C, water content standard deviation decreasing 0.017 kg/kg at height 0.15 m, lower evaporation rate 8 18%. This means effectively reduce risk wall surfaces due freeze–thaw cycles, efflorescence, subflorescence. These findings provide theoretical basis for sustainable preservation